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Trademarks A trademark can be a device, logo, brand, heading, label, ticket, name, signature, word, letter, symbol, numeral, figurative element, a combination of colors, or any combination thereof. It serves as a distinctive identifier of goods or services and is governed by the Trademarks Act, 2009. Industrial Designs An industrial design refers to the features of shape, configuration, pattern, or ornament applied to an article through any industrial process—whether manual, mechanical, or chemical. It is judged solely by visual appeal and does not cover construction methods, mechanical devices, trademarks (as defined in Section 478), or property marks (as defined in Section 479 of the Penal Code). Industrial designs are regulated under the Bangladesh Industrial Designs Act, 2023. Patents A patent grants an exclusive legal right to protect an invention, allowing the patent holder to prevent others from using the invention in Bangladesh. An "invention" is defined as an idea related to a product or process that provides a solution to a specific technical problem. Patent protection is governed by the Bangladesh Patent Act, 2023. Copyrights (Meaning of copyright.- (1) For the purposes of this Act, “copyright” means anyright, subject to the provisions of this Act, to do or authorize the doing of any of the following acts in respect of a work or substantial part thereof, namely:- (1) regarding a literary, dramatic or musical work, except a computer programmeme,- (a) to reproduce the work in any material form including the storing of it in anymedium by electronic means; (b) to issue copies of the work to the public except copies already incirculation; (c) to perform the work in public, or communicate it to the public; (d) to produce, reproduce, perform or publish any translation of the work; (e) to make any cinematograph film or sound recording in respect of the work; (f) to broadcast the work or to communicate the broadcast of the work tothe public by a loudspeaker or any other similar instrument; (g ) to make any adaptation of the work; (h) to do, regarding a translation or adaptation of the work, any of the acts specified in relation to the work in sub-clauses (a) to(h) . (2) regarding a computer programme,- (a) to do any of the acts specified in clause (1); (b) to sell or give on hire, or offer for sale or hire any copy of the computer programme, regardless of whether such copy has been sold or given on hire on earlier occasions. (3) regarding an artistic work,- 7(a) to reproduce the work in any material form including depiction in three dimensions of a two dimensional work or in two dimensions of a three dimensional work; (b) to publicize the work to the public; (c) to issue copies of the work to the public except copies already incirculation; (d) to include the work in any cinematograph film; (e) to make any adaptation of the work; (f) to do in relation to an adaptation of the work any of the acts specified in relation to the work in sub-clauses (a) to (d); (g) to broadcast the work or to communicate the broadcast of the work to the public by a loudspeaker or any other similar instrument. (4) regarding a cinematograph film,- (a) to make a copy of the work, including a photograph of any image forming part thereof in vcp, vcr, dvd or any other form; (b) to sell or give on hire, or offer for sale or hire, any copy of the film in vcp, vcr, dvd or any other form, regardless of whether such copy has been sold or given on hire on earlier occasions; (c) to publicize and display among general public any auditory or visual copy of the film in vcp, vcr, dvd or any other form; (5) regarding a sound recording,- (a) to make any other sound recording embodying it; (b) to sell or give on hire, or offer for sale or hire, any copy of the soundrecording regardless of whether such copy has been sold or given on hire onearlier occasions; (c) to communicate the sound recording to the public. Explanation.– For the purposes of this section ,the copy which has been sold once shall be deemed to be a copy already in circulation. Works in which copyright subsists.- (1) Subject to the provisions of this sectionand to the other provisions of this Act, copyright shall subsist throughout Bangladesh in the following classes of works, such as:- (a) original literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works; (b) cinematograph films and (c) sound recordings. (2) Copyright shall not subsist in any work specified in sub-section (1) except a work towhich the provisions of section 68 or section 69 apply, unless,- (a) in the case of a published work, the work is first published in Bangladesh, or where the work is first published outside Bangladesh, the author is at the date of such publication, or in a case where the author was dead at that date, was at the time of his death, a citizen of Bangladesh; (b) in the case of an unpublished work other than a work of architecture, the author is at the date of the making of the work a citizen of Bangladesh or domiciled in Bangladesh: Provided that notwithstanding anything contained in sub-clauses (a) and (b), the principal office or general residence of a film producer was situated inBangladesh for a considerable period or during the whole period of making a film, then the copyright shall subsist in that film. (c) in the case of a work of architecture, the work is located in Bangladesh. Explanation.- In the case of a work of joint authorship, specified in this section shall be applicable to all the authors of the work. (3) Copyright shall not subsist in the following matters - 8(a) in the case of cinematograph film, if a substantial part of the film is an infringement of the copyright in any other work; (b) in the case of sound recording made in respect of a literary, dramatic or musical work ,if, while making the sound recording ,copyright in such work has been infringed. (4) The copyright in a cinematograph film or a sound recording shall not affect the separate copyright in any work in respect of which or a substantial part of which the film, or, as the case maybe, the sound recording is made. (5) In the case of work of architecture, copyright shall subsist only in the artistic character anddesign and shall not extend to the processes or methods of construction. It is controlled by the Copyright Act, 2000. Bank Cheque Dishonor Case; It is controlled by the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (with an amendment of 2006) Family case matters; it is controlled by the Family Court Ordinance and Rules, 1985; Muslim Family Law Ordinance and Rules, 1961; Muslim Marriage and Talaq (Registration) Act, 1974; Muslim Marriage and Talaq (Registration) Rules, 2009; Guardian and Wards Act, 1890, the Parents Maintenance Act, 2013, etc. And some other Laws.